Black Madonnas Essay Example for Free

Black Madonnas Essay According to Scheer Black Madonna’s have went from majesty to mystery with the construct of race as a science toward the end of the 18th century. With this construct of race it begins to dramatically undermine the pious interpretations of the objects and images surrounding the Black Madonna. A common theme used is that the Madonna’s became black unintentional, has greatly affected the depth into which the study of the Black Madonna’s has gone. Michael P. Duricy gives three categories in which the Madonna’s can be placed: 1) Dark brown or black Madonna’s with skin pigmentation matching that of the indigenous population. 2) Those that have turn black as a result of certain physical factors such as deterioration of lead-based paints, accumulated smoke from the use of votive candles; and the accumulation of grime over the ages. The third and final category is a residual category with no ready explanation. Charles Rohault de Fleury and Stephen Beissel support the second category that the images were blackened by the surround elements. There are two strong theories that if the Madonna was indeed intentionally darkened it was because the Madonna was to illustrate a text from the Canticle of Canticles or Song of Songs that said â€Å"I am black but beautiful† Stephen Benko summarizes the other theory as relating the Black Madonna to the ancient earth-goddess and then converted to Christianity. The most fertile soil is black in color and the blacker it is the more suited it is for agriculture. Scheer mentions that the ideas of pre-Christian beliefs are preserved in the folk culture of the Black Madonna’s earth centered spirituality at the helm of the hypothesis of the color choice of the Madonna’s. Scheer says that there is no mention of color of the Madonna’s only the recurrence in motifs of a miraculous find and the refused removal of the object or painting. Lastly, Scheer mentions that the votive tablets do not speak of when the images became black but when they were perceived Black.

Midevial Cooking :: essays research papers fc

Cooking in the medieval times was performed on very big scale, and food was cheap and plentiful. Foreign goods had to be bought at the nearest large town. Food trade was a primary business. It was also a way of determining class. The nobles would eat meat, white bread, pastries, and drink wine. This sort of diet caused many health problems, such as skin troubles, digestive disorders, infections from decomposed proteins, scurvy, and tooth decay. A peasant would eat porridge, turnips, dark bread, and in the north they would drink beer or ale. Women were the expert cooks, and they seasoned their food heavily with pepper, cloves, garlic, cinnamon, vinegar, and wine. They paid close attention to the appearance of their meal. For instance, they might spread the feathers of a peacock that they are serving. Also, if a the eggs of a batter didn’t make it yellow enough, they would add saffron (saffron is orange of yellow powder obtained from the stigmas of the saffron flower). Meat was expensive, so it was considered a luxury. This made butchers prosperous. The most common and least expensive was sheep. They would also eat birds: gulls, herons, storks, swans, cranes, cormorants, and vultures, just to name a few. Animals were cut up immediately after killing and salted to be preserved. Most meat was boiled because it the animals were wild, and the meat was sure to be tough. Also, almonds were often cooked with the meat for flavor. Fish was also popular. Part of this was because the church required that you eat fish on Fridays. Fish was often cooked in ale. People spent more on bread and grain then anything else, even though England had a national bread tax, which fixed the price of bread. Pastries were expensive because sugar was an import. Because medical opinion advised that fruit shouldn’t be eaten raw, it was preserved in honey and cooked into pastries. Almonds were often cooked into pastries as well. Fruit was more wild back then than it is today, so it may have been more flavorful. Most people grew their own vegetables. Also, many people owned their own cow and made cheese with its milk. They would sell most of the cheese at the local market. Only gentleman had wine, which was often diluted with water or mixed with honey, ginger, or cinnamon to sweeten it. The only hot drink that they had in those days was mulled wine, and that was served only at festivities.

Jfk Inaugural Address Essay

John F. Kennedys Inaugural Speech Rhetorical Analysis. On January 20th of 1961, John Fitzgerald Kennedy gave his inaugural speech in front of thousands, while millions were watching on television. He was sworn into office as the thirty fifth president of the United States of America. In his speech, JFK uses rhetorical analysis to persuade the audience, which was filled with a lot of different ethnicities. First, John F. Kennedy uses ethos in his speech.Because he gave his speech in the cold, on an icy day says a lot about him as a person, better yet a president. He delivered his speech in the cold, on a very icy day, the speech could’ve been postponed but he decided otherwise, which shows that he is willing do to whatever for his country. He also uses ethos by mentioning God. By mentioning God and explaining that God is important in his life, he is making himself seem trustable and relatable. He relates more to the Christ based community by mentioning his faith.Because it was extremely cold outside, he made his speech short. His speech was short but it wasn’t ineffective. By his speech being short because of the weather, that also helps establish ethos because it shows that he cared about the audience. Also in this speech, JFK uses a lot of emotion (pathos). He tells his audience that they will have a say so in the country. He used pathos by making the audience believe that they have a role in this country.

Countries With Negative Population Growth

Data from the Population Reference Bureau showed in 2006 that there were 20 countries in the world with negative or zero natural population growth expected between 2006 and 2050.   What Does Negative Natural Population Growth Mean? This negative or zero natural population growth means that these countries have more deaths than births or an even number of deaths and births; this figure does not include the effects  of immigration or emigration. Even including immigration over emigration, only one of the 20 countries (Austria) was expected to grow between 2006 and 2050, though the rush of emigration from wars in the Middle East (especially Syrias civil war) and Africa in the mid-2010s could revise those expectations. The Highest Decreases The country with the highest decrease in the natural birthrate was  Ukraine, with a natural decrease of 0.8 percent  each year. Ukraine was expected to lose 28 percent  of its  population between 2006 and 2050 (from 46.8 million to 33.4 million in 2050). Russia and Belarus followed close behind at a 0.6 percent  natural decrease, and Russia was expected to lose 22 percent  of its population by 2050, which would be a loss of more than 30 million people (from 142.3 million in 2006 to 110.3 million in 2050). Japan was the only non-European country in the list, though China joined it after the list was released and had a lower-than-replacement birthrate in the mid-2010s.  Japan has a 0 percent natural birth increase and was expected to lose 21 percent  of its population between 2006 and 2050 (shrinking from 127.8 million to a mere 100.6 million in 2050).   A List of Countries With Negative Natural Increase Heres the list of the countries that were expected to have a negative natural increase or zero increase in population between 2006 and 2050. Ukraine: 0.8% natural decrease annually; 28% total population decrease by 2050Russia: -0.6%; -22%Belarus: -0.6%; -12%Bulgaria: -0.5%; -34%Latvia: -0.5%; -23%Lithuania: -0.4%; -15%Hungary: -0.3%; -11%Romania: -0.2%; -29%Estonia: -0.2%; -23%Moldova: -0.2%; -21%Croatia: -0.2%; -14%Germany: -0.2%; -9%Czech Republic: -0.1%; -8%Japan: 0%; -21%Poland: 0%; -17%Slovakia: 0%; -12%Austria: 0%; 8% increaseItaly: 0%; -5%Slovenia: 0%; -5%Greece: 0%; -4% In 2017, the Population Reference Bureau released a fact sheet showing that the top five countries expected to lose population between then and 2050 were:China: -44.3%Japan: -24.8%Ukraine: -8.8%Poland: -5.8%Romania: -5.7%Thailand: -3.5%Italy: -3%South Korea: -2.2%

Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay

To kill a mockingbird written by Harper Lee. Themes are the subject of a talk, a piece of writing or a persons thoughts. There are many themes present in this great American classic such as courage, racism, prejudice, morality and of course coming of age. Lee communicates these themes with characters, events that unfold and the scenarios that Jem and Scout have to face. One of many themes that is evidently present throughout the book is prejudice. The main action is of Atticus defending the innocent ‘Tom Robinson’ who is falsely accused of the rape of a white girl. Tom is discriminated because of the colour of his skin and 99% of the population of Maycomb see nothing wrong with thinking in this way. All except the Finches really. Being†¦show more content†¦When you write about a family with two young children obviously you can expect ‘coming of age’ themes to be prevalent in the text. Scout Finch is not your average 10 year old girl, she is not afra id to voice her opinions with her actual voice and her fists. Atticus tells her that this trait is not very proper and she should consider other peoples views before concluding her own. â€Å"Climb into another person’s skin and walk around in it† is what Atticus told Scout. From then onwards in most scenarios, that would have otherwise ended in physical violence in the past, see clenched her fists wanting to fight but walked away. To have truly ‘come of age’ they will have to take the moral advice given to them by their father and apply it to all real life situations. Scout would remember those words and walk away showing signs of maturity and ultimately that she has come of age. If only more people had followed this advice when considering Tom Robinson. Injustice is a theme that Lee portrays through Tom Robinson’s case and both Jem and Scout have trouble getting to grips with the fact that an innocent man is going to jail for a crime he clearly did not commit. The fact that good people can still suffer injustice is difficult to take on at such a tender age. However, the two understand the situation and although they are not happy with the result they are ‘coming of age’ andShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee939 Words   |  4 PagesSharon Yin Mrs. Reynolds English 9H 8 March 2015 Themes Foreshadowed in the First Chapter The first pages of a novel often introduce the major topics of the work, which is exactly what author Harper Lee did. The first chapter of To Kill a Mockingbird creates a basis and foreshadows the major themes that play out during the rest of the novel; themes such as prejudice, childhood and growing up, small town southern life, and bravery. One of the most crucial motifs in this novel is prejudice. TheRead MoreThe Mockingbird Theme in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee1047 Words   |  5 Pages This novel by Harper Lee has a seemingly curious title to a reader who looks at it in a literal way. Someone may argue that there are no mockingbirds in To Kill a Mockingbird but I beg to differ. An actual mockingbird may not play a large role in this story however the idea and connotation of a mockingbird becomes evident throughout the story in many characters. This is a major theme in the story and is shown through the characters Boo Radley, Mr. Raymond, and Tom Robinson all connected in the factRead MoreTheme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee2681 Words   |  11 PagesHonors III 01 June 2015 Independent Novel Project To Kill A Mocking Bird Knowledge Section Significance of Title The title of the book is â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† which is a bird that Atticus told Jem not to shoot at, and Ms. Maudie has described as the one type of bird that shouldn’t be killed because it sings beautifully (119). Also Atticus told Jem that it’s a sin to shoot a mockingbird, and so the title â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† means to kill innocence (119). There are several characters in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1765 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Of Themes In To Kill A Mockingbird The novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, published in 1960, comes out during a flourishing time of tremendous segregation and injustices in the United States. In fact, during this time in America, Civil Rights Movement are at their peak; also, some residents are pushing for equality for all, during this time period. One of those United States citizens who is exposing the South for what it truly is, is Harper Lee. Harper Lee, born on April 28, 1926Read MoreMajor Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb, Alabama in 1903. This novel is basically a coming of age story for a young girl named Scout and her older brother named Jem. Who grows up in a time where racism is normal. They soon learn to stand up for what is right, just like their dad, Atticus. The Coexistence of Good and Evil The most important theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is the Coexistence of good and evil. The novel approaches this theme in many ways throughoutRead MoreMaturation Theme In To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1609 Words   |  7 PagesMaturation Theme To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"Maturity is not measured by age. It’s an attitude built by experience.† This quotation says of how you don’t mature by aging and growing older but maturing by understanding situations and events you are found in and how you deal with those challenges or problems. The definition of maturity is to â€Å"have attained a final or desired state.† This means that although some don’t mature ever in life it is of something every human being must do to properly work inRead MoreTheme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1013 Words   |  5 Pages1. Jean Louise Finch is a young tomboy who lives with her father and brother in Maycomb County, Alabama. 2. To Kill a Mockingbird sets in Maycomb County, Alabama, and takes place during the Great Depression Era. 3. After Bob Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of raping his daughter, Mayella, Atticus is chosen to represent and defend Tom at his trial. 4. The theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is that we should not judge people by their appearance, nor pick on people who don’t cause any harm, because it wouldRead MoreThemes Found in Harper Lee ´s To Kill a Mockingbird843 Words   |  3 Pages 20160752 To Kill A Mockingbird James P. Krehbiel once said â€Å"Inevitably, if we are to grow and change as adults, we must gradually learn to confront the challenges, paradoxes, problems and painful reality of an insecure world.† In Harper Lee’s book, To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper lee sends many messages to the reader. Set in a fictitious town in Alabama in the 1930’s, one obvious theme is racism. However, while racism was the most obvious theme, it wasn’t the only one; other themes included innocenceRead MoreHow Does Harper Lee Present the Theme of Courage in to Kill a Mockingbird1048 Words   |  5 PagesHow Does Harper Lee Present The Theme Of Courage In To Kill A Mockingbird Harper lee presents the theme of courage through several of the characters within TKAM, such as Scout, Atticus, Calpurnia, and Mrs Dubose. Within the book courage is shown in different ways such as Scout’s innocence and naivety or Atticus’ reluctance to carry out an action but still having to carry it out. One character to show courage is Atticus who shows courage twice as he shoots Tim Johnson and stands up to the lynchRead MoreESSAY: The theme of human dignity in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee.1501 Words   |  7 Pageseye. Thus, ones dignity would be decided based on societys opinion of them. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the theme of human dignity is portrayed by Scout, Calpurnia, and Atticus. This essay will analyze the theme of human dignity and describe how this novel proves that all people, regardless of race, social status, and family history are people of worth. Scout depicts the theme of human dignity by following Atticus words of wisdom and putting them to use in her everyday

Network Security Is Becoming A Big Issue For Many Companies

With technology evolving as rapidly as it is, network security is becoming a big issue for many companies. Publicly sharing information on cloud networks and other platforms are making for convenient but very vulnerable systems. So the leading tech companies really need to devote more resources into their security teams and fight back against the hacking attacks. The â€Å"Lizard Squad† and any other hacking group are constantly learning new ways to hack into a company’s security system; companies like Sony and Microsoft need to staff their security team with people who know and learn the world of hacking perhaps more than the hackers themselves. Good security team will be proactively searching for holes in the security system and address them†¦show more content†¦(Whitman and Mattord, pg 88). In other words, it occurs when thousands of computers continually bombard the same server, or group of servers, to intentionally overtax it. Since the Lizard Squad is a fairly new hacking organization, there are still little we know about them. Recently two of its members have been arrested, 22 year old Vinnie Omari, and 17 year old Julius Kivimaki. According to the Daily Dot reports, on December 29, 2014, police raided Omari’s home. â€Å"He was arrested on suspicion of fraud by false representation and Computer Misuse Act offences† stated Thames Valley Police Department. However currently he is out on bail until his hearing. Juliius Kivimaki, who goes by the alias name â€Å"Ryan† also got arrested. However since being a minor, there was little information about his arrest. However unlike Omari, Kivimaki remains in Jail till this day. Kivimaki even had an interview with Sky News, and explained to them that they have at least 15 members who all go by alias name such as dragon or Chameleon, and that there is a great variation in age, youngest member being only 13. Besides the famous notorious attack on Sony and Microsoft conduc ted by the Lizard Squad, they have attacked other various companies such as Twitch.tv and even launched an attack on North Korea. On August 18, 2014 servers of the game League of Legends, where taken offline with a DDoS attack; this was claimed as Lizard Squad’s

Parking Facility

Question: Write a proposal that promotes ideas for improving student parking at XYZ University. " Answer: Introduction To arrange for the proper parking facility for the students of XYZ University in the downtown area within the university campus. Project Purpose There is a major crisis as far as parking is concerned with the increase in the number of students and the rising number of vehicles which are being used for communication to the university (John, 2011). The university being in a downtown area, more number of vehicles are coming up and the parking space is decreasing every passing day (Shoup, 2011). Approach The University Sponsors Program Officer has been approached and the matter has been put up before him; The area being a downtown region, suffers from over parking issues and the snapshots of this problem have been shown to the authorities; A three level parking facility in the university campus to be established; The research and design has been provided and it has also been shown that the infrastructure is already there in the university and it needs to be worked upon; The parking will be made available for all students who come in their personal vehicles at the rate of $3 per hour; Certain tactics to meet with the problem have been identified. These are staggering the class timings, efficient management of the incoming vehicles and the availability of valet parkers who can efficiently park the vehicles (Edwards, 2002). Institutional Resources To slow down the inflow of traffic, the university can think of schemes to offer incentives to those students who do not drive; They can think of developing the structure to multi level parking; Another very viable solution is to provide a van pool service (Peng, 2011). This can sort out the issue as well as raise funds for the university. Budget Around $100 were spent for identifying the costs involved. Wordy Expressions: a. Push the red button in case you see smoke rising from the cooking surface; b. more than 40% of the people polled believe that the government spending should be cut down; c. Please send further information on the new line of pesticides; d. Because two of the three highways were being repaired, I was late for my appointment by 20 minutes. Sentence Types: a. Tim got additional duties for his promotion. (Simple) Tim was given a promotion and assigned with additional duties. (Compound) Tim was assigned with additional duties in connection to his promotion. (Complex) b. Our corporate Counsel, Eileen will write the letter on our behalf. (Simple) Eileen is our corporate counsel and he will write the letter on our behalf. (Compound) Eileen, who is our corporate counsel, will write the letter on our behalf. (Complex) Parallelism: a. This is in parallel structure. b. According to the survey, most employees prefer either holding the employee cafeteria open later or its hours keeping the same. c. This is in parallel structure. d. Our career guidance book will cover writing resumes, application letters, and techniques for taking interviews. Writing Confidently: a. There is no reason why a wristwatch should not be bought for dressy occasions. b. There is no point to disagree that my offer provides good value for money. c. I am sure that my offer provides good value for money. d. I hope you will visit our gallery on your next visit to galleries in this area. Using Nondiscriminatory Language a. The mayor opened contract talks with the union who represented the policemen of the area. b. While the salesmen are at the convention, their better halves will be treated to a tour of the citys landmarks. c. Our company gives each supervisor a day off on his birthday. d. Our public relations director, Heather Marshall, will ask her secretary, Bonita Carwell, to take notes during the presidents speech. e. Neither Rev. Batista nor his secretary, Doris Hawkins, had met the family that had arrived lately. References Edwards, R. (2002).Making policy work. London: RoutledgeFalmer. John, P. (2011).Making policy work. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Peng, Q. (2011).ICTE 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. Shoup, D. (2011).The high cost of free parking. Chicago: Planners Press, American Planning Association.